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Docker测试环境管理Skill docker-test-environments

Docker测试环境管理技能是一个专门用于创建和管理基于Docker的隔离测试环境的工具。它支持Docker Compose环境配置、Testcontainers集成、服务依赖管理、健康检查配置、数据库种子数据管理、网络隔离和CI/CD流水线集成。关键词：Docker测试环境、容器化测试、隔离测试环境、Docker Compose、Testcontainers、CI/CD集成、自动化测试环境、微服务测试、数据库测试、容器健康检查。

测试 0 次安装 0 次浏览 更新于 2/25/2026

name: docker-test-environments description: 基于Docker的测试环境管理，用于隔离、可重复的测试执行。创建Docker Compose环境，管理测试容器，配置服务依赖，并与CI/CD流水线集成。 allowed-tools: Bash(*) Read Write Edit Glob Grep WebFetch metadata: author: babysitter-sdk version: “1.0.0” category: environment-management backlog-id: SK-020

docker-test-environments

你是 docker-test-environments - 一个专门用于基于Docker的测试环境管理的技能，提供隔离、可重复的测试执行能力。

概述

此技能支持AI驱动的测试环境管理，包括：

  • 创建Docker Compose测试环境
  • 管理用于集成测试的Testcontainers
  • 配置服务依赖和健康检查
  • 数据库种子数据和测试数据管理
  • 测试环境的网络隔离
  • 环境清理自动化
  • CI/CD Docker集成模式

前提条件

  • Docker Engine已安装并运行
  • Docker Compose v2已安装
  • 足够的系统资源用于容器
  • 可选：用于语言特定集成的Testcontainers库

能力

1. Docker Compose测试环境

使用Docker Compose创建隔离的测试环境：

# docker-compose.test.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=test
      - DATABASE_URL=postgres://test:test@db:5432/testdb
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    networks:
      - test-network

  db:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_USER=test
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=test
      - POSTGRES_DB=testdb
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U test -d testdb"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    volumes:
      - ./test-data/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
    networks:
      - test-network

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    networks:
      - test-network

networks:
  test-network:
    driver: bridge

2. 环境生命周期命令

# 启动测试环境
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d

# 等待服务健康
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d --wait

# 针对环境运行测试
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml exec app npm test

# 查看日志
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs -f

# 停止并清理
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down -v --remove-orphans

3. Testcontainers集成

使用Testcontainers进行编程式容器管理：

// JavaScript/TypeScript with Testcontainers
import { PostgreSqlContainer } from '@testcontainers/postgresql';
import { RedisContainer } from '@testcontainers/redis';

describe('集成测试', () => {
  let postgresContainer;
  let redisContainer;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    // 启动PostgreSQL
    postgresContainer = await new PostgreSqlContainer('postgres:15')
      .withDatabase('testdb')
      .withUsername('test')
      .withPassword('test')
      .start();

    // 启动Redis
    redisContainer = await new RedisContainer('redis:7')
      .start();

    // 设置环境变量
    process.env.DATABASE_URL = postgresContainer.getConnectionUri();
    process.env.REDIS_URL = redisContainer.getConnectionUrl();
  }, 60000);

  afterAll(async () => {
    await postgresContainer?.stop();
    await redisContainer?.stop();
  });

  it('应该连接到数据库', async () => {
    // 测试实现
  });
});

# Python with Testcontainers
import pytest
from testcontainers.postgres import PostgresContainer
from testcontainers.redis import RedisContainer

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def postgres_container():
    with PostgresContainer("postgres:15") as postgres:
        yield postgres

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def redis_container():
    with RedisContainer("redis:7") as redis:
        yield redis

def test_database_connection(postgres_container):
    connection_url = postgres_container.get_connection_url()
    # 测试实现

4. 健康检查模式

配置健壮的健康检查：

services:
  api:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8080/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s

  db:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  elasticsearch:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -s http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health | grep -q 'green\\|yellow'"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 10
      start_period: 60s

  kafka:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --list"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5

5. 数据库种子数据

自动种子测试数据：

# SQL初始化
cat > test-data/init.sql << 'EOF'
-- 创建测试模式
CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS test;

-- 创建表
CREATE TABLE test.users (
  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
  name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- 插入测试数据
INSERT INTO test.users (email, name) VALUES
  ('test1@example.com', '测试用户 1'),
  ('test2@example.com', '测试用户 2');
EOF

# 挂载初始化脚本
services:
  db:
    volumes:
      - ./test-data/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/01-init.sql
      - ./test-data/seed.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/02-seed.sql

6. 网络隔离

配置隔离的测试网络：

# 多个隔离的测试环境
networks:
  test-network-a:
    driver: bridge
    internal: true
  test-network-b:
    driver: bridge
    internal: true
  external-network:
    driver: bridge

services:
  app-a:
    networks:
      - test-network-a
      - external-network

  app-b:
    networks:
      - test-network-b
      - external-network

  # 共享服务
  mock-server:
    networks:
      - external-network

7. CI/CD集成

# GitHub Actions示例
name: 集成测试

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: 启动测试环境
        run: |
          docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d --wait
          docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml ps

      - name: 运行测试
        run: |
          docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml exec -T app npm test

      - name: 失败时收集日志
        if: failure()
        run: |
          docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs > test-logs.txt

      - name: 上传日志
        if: failure()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: test-logs
          path: test-logs.txt

      - name: 清理
        if: always()
        run: |
          docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down -v --remove-orphans

常见服务模板

PostgreSQL

postgres:
  image: postgres:15-alpine
  environment:
    POSTGRES_USER: test
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test
    POSTGRES_DB: testdb
  healthcheck:
    test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U test"]
    interval: 5s
    timeout: 5s
    retries: 5

MySQL

mysql:
  image: mysql:8
  environment:
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
    MYSQL_DATABASE: testdb
    MYSQL_USER: test
    MYSQL_PASSWORD: test
  healthcheck:
    test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
    interval: 5s
    timeout: 5s
    retries: 5

MongoDB

mongo:
  image: mongo:6
  environment:
    MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: test
    MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
  healthcheck:
    test: echo 'db.runCommand("ping").ok' | mongosh localhost:27017/test --quiet
    interval: 10s
    timeout: 10s
    retries: 5

Redis

redis:
  image: redis:7-alpine
  healthcheck:
    test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
    interval: 5s
    timeout: 5s
    retries: 5

Elasticsearch

elasticsearch:
  image: elasticsearch:8.11.0
  environment:
    - discovery.type=single-node
    - xpack.security.enabled=false
    - ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m
  healthcheck:
    test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -s http://localhost:9200 | grep -q 'cluster_name'"]
    interval: 10s
    timeout: 10s
    retries: 10

Kafka

kafka:
  image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.5.0
  environment:
    KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
    KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
    KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:9092
    KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1
  depends_on:
    - zookeeper

MCP服务器集成

此技能可以利用以下MCP服务器增强能力：

服务器 描述 安装
QuantGeekDev/docker-mcp Docker容器管理 GitHub
Docker MCP Toolkit 官方Docker MCP Docker博客
Docker Hub MCP Docker Hub集成 Docker

最佳实践

  1. 使用特定镜像标签 - 避免使用latest以保证可重复性
  2. 健康检查 - 始终为依赖项配置健康检查
  3. 资源限制 - 为容器设置内存/CPU限制
  4. 清理 - 始终使用-v标志清理卷
  5. 等待就绪 - 在测试前使用--wait或健康检查
  6. 隔离 - 为测试环境使用专用网络
  7. 临时数据 - 切勿挂载生产数据卷

流程集成

此技能与以下流程集成：

  • environment-management.js - 环境设置的所有阶段
  • test-data-management.js - 数据种子和清理
  • automation-framework.js - 测试框架环境设置
  • continuous-testing.js - CI/CD环境管理

输出格式

执行操作时，提供结构化输出：

{
  "operation": "start-environment",
  "composeFile": "docker-compose.test.yml",
  "status": "running",
  "services": {
    "app": { "status": "running", "health": "healthy" },
    "db": { "status": "running", "health": "healthy" },
    "redis": { "status": "running", "health": "healthy" }
  },
  "network": "test-network",
  "connectionStrings": {
    "database": "postgres://test:test@localhost:5432/testdb",
    "redis": "redis://localhost:6379"
  }
}

错误处理

  • 检查Docker守护进程连接
  • 启动前验证镜像可用性
  • 优雅处理容器启动失败
  • 失败时提供诊断日志
  • 为不稳定的容器实现重试逻辑

约束

  • 不要在测试环境中暴露生产数据
  • 限制资源消耗以防止系统问题
  • 测试后始终清理环境
  • 为并行测试使用适当的隔离
  • 尊重端口分配以避免冲突