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现代Python开发 python-development

现代Python开发技能专注于使用Python 3.12+进行高效编程，集成Django和FastAPI框架，应用异步模式和类型提示，遵循生产最佳实践。适用于构建Web API、数据处理管道和自动化脚本，提升代码质量和可维护性。关键词：Python开发, FastAPI, Django, 异步编程, 类型提示, 测试, 生产最佳实践。

后端开发 0 次安装 0 次浏览 更新于 3/8/2026

名称: python-development 描述: 使用Python 3.12+、Django、FastAPI、异步模式和生产最佳实践的现代Python开发。用于Python项目、API、数据处理或自动化脚本。 来源: wshobson/agents 许可证: MIT

Python开发

项目设置

现代Python项目结构

my-project/
├── src/
│   └── my_project/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── main.py
│       └── utils.py
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── test_main.py
├── pyproject.toml
├── README.md
└── .gitignore

pyproject.toml

[project]
name = "my-project"
version = "0.1.0"
requires-python = ">=3.12"
dependencies = [
    "fastapi>=0.100.0",
    "pydantic>=2.0",
]

[project.optional-dependencies]
dev = [
    "pytest>=7.0",
    "ruff>=0.1.0",
    "mypy>=1.0",
]

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
select = ["E", "F", "I", "N", "W"]

[tool.mypy]
strict = true

类型提示

from typing import TypeVar, Generic
from collections.abc import Sequence

T = TypeVar('T')

def process_items(items: Sequence[str]) -> list[str]:
    return [item.upper() for item in items]

class Repository(Generic[T]):
    def get(self, id: int) -> T | None: ...
    def save(self, item: T) -> T: ...

异步模式

import asyncio
from collections.abc import AsyncIterator

async def fetch_all(urls: list[str]) -> list[dict]:
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        tasks = [fetch_one(session, url) for url in urls]
        return await asyncio.gather(*tasks)

async def stream_data() -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
    async with aiofiles.open('large_file.txt', 'rb') as f:
        async for chunk in f:
            yield chunk

FastAPI模式

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class UserCreate(BaseModel):
    email: str
    name: str

class UserResponse(BaseModel):
    id: int
    email: str
    name: str

@app.post("/users", response_model=UserResponse)
async def create_user(
    user: UserCreate,
    db: Database = Depends(get_db)
) -> UserResponse:
    result = await db.users.create(user.model_dump())
    return UserResponse(**result)

测试

import pytest
from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch

@pytest.fixture
def mock_db():
    db = AsyncMock()
    db.users.get.return_value = {"id": 1, "name": "Test"}
    return db

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user(mock_db):
    result = await get_user(1, db=mock_db)
    assert result["name"] == "Test"
    mock_db.users.get.assert_called_once_with(1)

最佳实践

  • 使用 ruff 进行代码检查和格式化
  • 使用 mypy 严格模式
  • 优先使用 pathlib.Path 而不是 os.path
  • 使用数据类或Pydantic处理数据结构
  • 使用 asyncio 处理I/O密集型操作
  • 使用 contextlib.asynccontextmanager 管理异步资源