名称: 人工写作 描述: 使用时用于润饰或审阅英文文本，以避免AI风味的词汇。扫描由PubMed研究识别的LLM偏好词汇（如delve、meticulous、underscore等），并建议自然的替代词。
人工写作
请AI帮忙润稿吗？请避开以下词！
基于2025年两篇研究，分析2,750万篇PubMed文献，找出AI偏好的英文词汇。
触发时机
- 用户请你润饰英文文章
- 用户请你写英文学术/专业文章
- 用户想检查文章里有没有AI味的英文词
- 用户说 “human-write” 或 “scan AI words”
- 中文写作请参考
chinese-patterns.md
Top 10 最严重的 AI 词
基于2025年两篇研究，分析2,750万篇PubMed文献，找出AI偏好的英文词汇。
Top 10 最严重的 AI 词
写完或润完稿，先搜这10个。出现任何一个都要三思：
| 排名 | 词汇 | 为什么可疑 | 替换方向 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | delve | 2024 Z-score 最高，AI 最爱用 | explore, examine, look into |
| 2 | underscore | AI 用来替代 emphasize | emphasize, highlight, stress |
| 3 | meticulous | AI 最爱的形容词 | careful, thorough, precise |
| 4 | intricate | AI 用来替代 complex | complex, detailed, elaborate |
| 5 | tapestry | AI 爱用的比喻词 | mix, combination, array |
| 6 | commendable | AI 的夸奖用语 | impressive, notable, solid |
| 7 | showcase | AI 用来替代 show/demonstrate | show, demonstrate, present |
| 8 | pivotal | AI 用来替代 important/key | key, important, central |
| 9 | bolster | AI 用来替代 support/strengthen | support, strengthen, back up |
| 10 | surpass | AI 用来替代 exceed/outperform | exceed, beat, outperform |
完整 AI 偏好词汇表
<details> <summary>动词 (Verbs) — 点击展开</summary>
| AI 偏好 | 更自然的替代 |
|---|---|
| delve (into) | explore, look into, examine |
| underscore | emphasize, highlight, stress |
| showcase | show, demonstrate, present |
| bolster | support, strengthen, back up |
| elucidate | explain, clarify, make clear |
| garner | gain, attract, earn, get |
| leverage | use, take advantage of, build on |
| unveil | reveal, introduce, present |
| scrutinize | examine, inspect, review |
| surpass | exceed, beat, outperform |
| boast | have, feature, offer |
| foster | encourage, promote, support |
| facilitate | help, enable, make easier |
| harness | use, apply, put to use |
| navigate | handle, manage, deal with |
| streamline | simplify, improve, speed up |
| illuminate | show, reveal, shed light on |
| spearhead | lead, drive, champion |
| embark (on) | start, begin, launch |
| endeavor | try, attempt, work toward |
| encompass | include, cover, span |
| catalyze | trigger, spark, drive |
| augment | add to, increase, supplement |
| delineate | describe, outline, define |
| juxtapose | compare, contrast, set side by side |
| transcend | go beyond, rise above, exceed |
</details>
<details> <summary>形容词 (Adjectives) — 点击展开</summary>
| AI 偏好 | 更自然的替代 |
|---|---|
| meticulous | careful, thorough, precise |
| intricate | complex, detailed, elaborate |
| pivotal | key, important, central, crucial |
| commendable | impressive, notable, solid, good |
| groundbreaking | new, innovative, first-of-its-kind |
| transformative | significant, game-changing, major |
| nuanced | subtle, complex, layered |
| comprehensive | full, complete, thorough |
| robust | strong, solid, reliable |
| multifaceted | complex, varied, diverse |
| noteworthy | notable, worth noting, significant |
| paramount | most important, top, critical |
| holistic | overall, whole, complete |
| overarching | main, broad, general |
| unprecedented | never before seen, first, new |
| salient | key, main, important |
| burgeoning | growing, rising, expanding |
</details>
<details> <summary>副词 (Adverbs) — 点击展开</summary>
| AI 偏好 | 更自然的替代 |
|---|---|
| primarily | mainly, mostly, largely |
| notably | especially, in particular |
| predominantly | mostly, mainly, largely |
| compellingly | convincingly, strongly |
| profoundly | deeply, greatly, strongly |
| moreover | also, besides, in addition |
| furthermore | also, and, in addition |
| importantly | (often deletable — just state it) |
| crucially | (often deletable — just state it) |
| remarkably | surprisingly, strikingly |
| substantially | greatly, significantly, a lot |
| inherently | by nature, naturally, fundamentally |
</details>
<details> <summary>名词 (Nouns) — 点击展开</summary>
| AI 偏好 | 更自然的替代 |
|---|---|
| tapestry | mix, combination, range |
| realm | area, field, domain |
| landscape | field, area, scene, picture |
| synergy | teamwork, cooperation, combined effect |
| paradigm | model, approach, framework |
| nexus | link, connection, center |
| interplay | interaction, relationship |
| cornerstone | foundation, basis, key part |
| underpinning | basis, foundation, support |
| discourse | discussion, debate, conversation |
| trajectory | path, direction, trend |
| myriad | many, numerous, a wide range of |
| plethora | many, plenty, a lot of |
</details>
使用方式
模式一：润稿时自动避开
帮用户润饰英文时，主动避开以上所有词汇。如果原文没有这些词，润稿后也不该出现。
规则：
- 不加入原文没有的 AI 词 — 润稿是改善，不是加料
- 替换原文已有的 AI 词 — 用更自然的替代词，但先问用户
- 保留用户的声音 — 如果用户本来就爱用某个词，别帮他换掉
模式二：扫描检测
用内建脚本扫描文章，产生 AI 词汇密度报告：
python3 ~/.claude/skills/human-write/scan-ai-words.py <file>
# 或从 stdin
cat essay.txt | python3 ~/.claude/skills/human-write/scan-ai-words.py
输出格式
═══ AI Word Scan Report ═══
Score: 3.2 / 10 (moderate AI flavor)
Found 8 AI-flavored words in 1,200 words (0.67% density)
TIER 1 (top flagged):
delve ×2 (lines 5, 23)
meticulous ×1 (line 14)
TIER 2 (commonly flagged):
comprehensive ×3 (lines 8, 31, 45)
furthermore ×2 (lines 12, 38)
Suggestions:
Line 5: "delve into the mechanisms" → try "explore the mechanisms"
Line 14: "meticulous analysis" → try "careful analysis"
...
评分标准
| 分数 | 密度 | 解读 |
|---|---|---|
| 0-2 | < 0.2% | 自然，几乎无 AI 痕迹 |
| 3-4 | 0.2%-0.5% | 轻微，稍作替换即可 |
| 5-6 | 0.5%-1.0% | 中度，建议逐一检查 |
| 7-8 | 1.0%-2.0% | 明显，需要大量改写 |
| 9-10 | > 2.0% | 强烈 AI 味，重写吧 |
研究背景
<details> <summary>为什么这些词？研究怎么说 — 点击展开</summary>
两篇关键论文
- Matsui K. (2025). Delving Into PubMed Records: How AI-Influenced Vocabulary has Transformed Medical Writing since ChatGPT. Perspectives on Medical Education, 14(1), 882-890.
- Kobak, D., et al. (2025). Delving into LLM-assisted writing in biomedical publications through excess vocabulary. Science Advances, 11(27), eadt3813.
核心发现
- 分析 2,750 万篇 PubMed 记录 (2000-2024)
- 135 个 AI 偏好词汇中，103 个在 2024 年出现统计上显著暴增
- 趋势从 2020 年就开始（ChatGPT 发布前两年）
- 对照组 84 个标准学术用语大多稳定
双相模式
- 第一阶段 (2020-2022)：DeepL、Grammarly 等早期 AI 工具开始影响词汇选择
- 第二阶段 (2023-至今)：ChatGPT 爆发，AI 词汇被大规模放大 (β = 0.655, p < 0.001)
非英语母语研究者
- 来自中国、韩国、台湾等地的论文，AI 词汇使用比例约 20%
- 英语国家约 5%
- 这不代表「不当使用」，但代表需要更注意审稿后编辑
重要提醒
- 词汇「出现」不代表一定是 AI 写的
- 关键是密度：人类偶尔用 delve 很正常，每段用就不正常
- AI 没有「创造」这些用法，但大大「放大」了它们
- 同时，一些传统学术用语反而减少了：purpose of, hypothesis, results suggest
</details>
注意事项
- 这个清单基于医学文献研究，但 AI 偏好词汇在各领域通用
- 不是说这些词「不能用」，而是用之前要确认是自己的选择
- 非英语母语者用 AI 润稿完全合理，只要最后自己编辑一遍
- 人类文章有「凸点、凹洞、偏执与破绽」，这是特征不是缺点
- AI 是草稿机，不是代笔人